These feature different viscosities and also chemical modification of their side chains. The chemistry of silicones allows chain length of siloxanes to be controlled so that it becomes possible to also serve the market with a range of tailor-made fluids. These advantages combine with other benefits such as comparatively low heat of combustion and low smoke density. The liquid insulating material has low loss factor and provides a high fire and flashpoint. These fully synthetic fluids are stable against heat and oxidation and frequently used in transformers, electro-magnetic devices and capacitors. Among these, for example, are low viscosity silicone fluids. The electrical industry already relies greatly on a number of non-reactive PDMS materials.
These modified products, also classified as polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), demonstrate how versatile this group of materials can be across a broad variety of applications for medium as well as high voltage insulation. They can also be modified such that their polymeric structure remains non-reactive at typical application temperatures. The proper name for silicones is ‘siloxanes’, which consist of a silicon (not to be confused with silicone) and oxygen backbone that can be cross-linked by different chemical reactions. Model of PDMS chain where green is silicon, blue is oxygen, red are methyl groups. It is therefore worthwhile reviewing the chemistry of this important family of polymers. Silicones in their cross-linked elastomeric form are the rubber materials found in most high voltage insulators and also used as housings for arresters and bushings, among other electrical components.
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